The James Webb Space Telescope has provided groundbreaking data on galaxies formed 2-3 billion years after the Big Bang, deemed “teenagers.” The study, based on light data from 23 such galaxies, reveals their unique “chemical DNA,” indicating rapid growth despite some immaturity. These galaxies differ significantly from their present-day counterparts, undergoing crucial, poorly understood processes influencing their future nature. Star-forming regions in teenage galaxies exhibit hotter gas (24,000°F) compared to modern galaxies. The observation of eight elements, including noteworthy oxygen and surprising nickel, offers insights into past star formation. While more elements likely exist, the study suggests these galaxies are chemically immature but forming rapidly, reshaping our understanding of early universe evolution. The findings result from the CECILIA Survey using Webb to scrutinize distant galaxy chemistry.
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